Mustard Seeds 101: Nutrition, Benefits, How To Use, Buy, Store | Mustard Seed: A Complete Guide - Fas Kitchen (2025)

What are Mustard Seeds

Mustard seeds are the tiny round seeds from mustard plants, which are part of the Brassicaceae family. These seeds are a popular spice in many global cuisines, adding a strong and slightly bitter taste to dishes. Mustard seeds come in different colors and types, including yellow, brown, and black.

Yellow Mustard Seeds:

• These are the mildest type and are often used to make American-style yellow mustard. They’re also great for pickling and for creating mustard paste.

Brown Mustard Seeds:

• Brown mustard seeds have a stronger flavor than yellow ones and are commonly used in Indian cooking. They are a main ingredient in various mustard sauces and pastes.

Black Mustard Seeds:

• The smallest and spiciest of the three, black mustard seeds are popular in Indian cuisine, especially in South Indian and Bengali dishes.

Mustard seeds can be ground into a powder to make mustard condiments or used whole in pickling, spice mixes, and various recipes. The seeds release their flavor when crushed or ground and are often cooked in oil to boost their taste before adding them to dishes. The sharp taste of mustard comes from compounds like allyl isothiocyanate found in the seeds.

Besides being a culinary delight, mustard seeds have been treasured for their health benefits. They are rich in nutrients like selenium, magnesium, and omega-3 fatty acids. Plus, they’ve been used in traditional medicine for their possible anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects.

Other Names of Mustard Seeds

Mustard seeds can go by different names depending on the region and the type of mustard plant they come from. Here are some alternative names for mustard seeds:

Yellow Mustard Seeds:

• Yellow Mustard
• White Mustard
• Brassica alba (scientific name for white mustard)

Brown Mustard Seeds:

• Brown Mustard
• Indian Mustard
• Brassica juncea (scientific name for brown mustard)

Black Mustard Seeds:

• Black Mustard
• Brassica nigra (scientific name for black mustard)

Remember, “mustard seeds” is a general term that can refer to seeds from any type of mustard plant. The color and flavor of the seeds can vary depending on the specific type of mustard plant. Also, different cuisines and regions may have their own local names for mustard seeds based on how they use them in their traditional dishes.

Nutritional Value of Mustard Seeds

Here is a basic nutritional profile for mustard seeds per 100 grams:

Benefits of Mustard Seeds

Mustard seeds are not only flavorful but also come with a bunch of health benefits. Here’s why you might want to consider adding mustard seeds to your meals:

Packed with Good Stuff:

• Mustard seeds are a great source of nutrients like protein, fiber, and vitamins (such as vitamin C, vitamin K, and various B vitamins). They also contain important minerals like calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and potassium.

Loaded with Antioxidants:

• Mustard seeds contain special compounds called glucosinolates and myrosinase, which act as antioxidants. These antioxidants help fight off harmful free radicals in your body, which can reduce inflammation and oxidative stress.

Heart-Friendly:

• The fats in mustard seeds, like monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats, can help lower bad cholesterol (LDL cholesterol). Plus, they contain omega-3 fatty acids, which are good for your heart.

Anti-Inflammatory Benefits:

• Some research suggests that mustard seeds have anti-inflammatory properties. This can be helpful for conditions like arthritis that are related to inflammation.

Good for Digestion:

• Eating mustard seeds in moderation can help with digestion. They can stimulate the production of saliva and digestive juices, which keeps your digestive system healthy.

Supports Bone Health:

• Mustard seeds are rich in minerals like calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium, which are important for keeping your bones and teeth strong and healthy.

Helps with Breathing:

• Mustard seeds have compounds that have traditionally been used to relieve respiratory issues. Mustard plasters and poultices have been used as a remedy for congestion and other respiratory conditions.

Boosts Metabolism:

• Some studies indicate that mustard seeds might help boost metabolism, which could be beneficial for weight management.

Remember, while mustard seeds can be a healthy addition to your diet, it’s important to enjoy them in moderation. Eating too many can lead to digestive issues for some people. As always, it’s a good idea to talk to a healthcare professional or nutritionist for personalized advice, especially if you have specific health concerns or conditions.

Varieties of Mustard Seeds

Mustard seeds come in various types, each with its own distinct flavor and use. The main types of mustard seeds are categorized by their color: yellow, brown, and black. Let’s take a closer look at each one:

Yellow Mustard Seeds (Brassica alba):

• Also known as white mustard seeds.
• They have a mild and less spicy taste compared to brown and black mustard seeds.
• Often used to make American-style yellow mustard.
• Great for pickling, salad dressings, and other condiments.

Brown Mustard Seeds (Brassica juncea):

• Also known as Indian mustard seeds.
• They have a stronger and more flavorful taste than yellow mustard seeds.
• Popular in Indian cooking for making mustard pastes, pickles, and curry dishes.
• Available both whole and ground.

Black Mustard Seeds (Brassica nigra):

• They are the smallest and spiciest among the three types.
• Widely used in Indian and South Asian cuisines, especially for tempering (tadka) various dishes.
• Often included in pickles, chutneys, and spice mixes.
• Can be used whole or ground.

Specialty Mustard Seeds:

• Canadian Mustard Seeds: These are a type of yellow mustard seed grown in Canada and are known for their mild flavor.
• Ethiopian Mustard Seeds: Used in Ethiopian dishes, these seeds are similar to brown mustard seeds but can have unique flavors.
• Dijon Mustard: While not a type of seed, Dijon mustard is made using brown or black mustard seeds, white wine, and other ingredients. It originates from the Dijon region in France.

It’s good to remember that the flavor and use of mustard seeds can vary, and regional preferences often shape how they’re used in cooking. Whether they’re used whole, ground, or made into a paste, mustard seeds add a special touch to many dishes worldwide.

What Do Mustard Seeds Taste Like

Mustard seeds are known for their distinctively sharp, pungent, and slightly bitter taste. Let’s dive into the unique flavor profiles of the three main types of mustard seeds:

Yellow Mustard Seeds:

• These are milder and less spicy compared to the other types.
• They have a subtle tangy taste with a mild heat.
• They’re often used to make the classic American-style yellow mustard.

Brown Mustard Seeds:

• Brown mustard seeds have a stronger and spicier flavor than the yellow ones.
• They offer a more intense heat with a robust kick.
• They’re commonly used in Indian cooking to make mustard pastes, curries, and pickles.

Black Mustard Seeds:

• These are the smallest and spiciest of the three.
• They have a strong, sharp, and peppery taste.
• They’re popular in South Asian cuisines, especially for tempering (tadka) in various dishes.

When mustard seeds are crushed, ground, or mixed with liquids, they release enzymes that give mustard its signature pungent flavor. You can adjust the intensity of the flavor based on how you prepare the mustard seeds and what other ingredients you use with them.

Mustard seeds are super versatile and can add a lot of depth and complexity to many dishes. Besides their flavor, they also add a nice texture when used whole, like in pickles and spice mixes. Whether you choose yellow, brown, or black mustard seeds depends on how much heat and flavor you want to add to your dish.

How To Use Mustard Seeds

Mustard seeds are versatile and can be used in various ways to add flavor, texture, and depth to a wide range of dishes. Here are some common methods of using mustard seeds in cooking:

1. Tempering (Tadka):
   • A common technique in Indian cooking involves tempering mustard seeds in hot oil or ghee. This process releases the seeds’ flavors and aromas. Add mustard seeds to hot oil until they pop, and then incorporate them into your dish.
2. Mustard Paste:
   • Grind mustard seeds into a paste using a mortar and pestle or a spice grinder. Combine the mustard paste with other ingredients like water, vinegar, or wine to create a flavorful mustard sauce. This can be used as a condiment or in marinades.
3. Pickling:
   • Mustard seeds are often included in pickling recipes. They add both flavor and texture to pickled vegetables. You can use mustard seeds in various pickling brines for items like cucumbers, onions, or mixed vegetables.
4. Spice Blends:
   • Ground mustard seeds can be included in spice blends and rubs for meats and vegetables. They add a distinct pungency and depth to the overall flavor profile.
5. Curries and Stews:
   • Mustard seeds are commonly used in Indian and other South Asian cuisines to flavor curries and stews. Add them during the tempering process or include ground mustard in spice blends for these dishes.
6. Salad Dressings:
   • Whole or ground mustard seeds can be incorporated into salad dressings to add a zesty and slightly spicy kick. Combine them with oil, vinegar, honey, and other seasonings for a tasty dressing.
7. Bread and Baking:
   • Mustard seeds can be added to bread dough or baked goods for a unique flavor. They are often used in specialty bread like pretzels or in recipes for savory muffins and scones.
8. Marinades:
   • Incorporate mustard seeds into marinades for meats, poultry, or fish. The seeds can enhance the flavor profile of the marinade and infuse it with a subtle spiciness.
9. Mustard Oil:
   • Mustard seeds are used to produce mustard oil, which is a common cooking oil in some regions. The oil is often used for frying and sautéing, and it brings a distinctive flavor to the dishes.

Remember that the intensity of mustard seeds’ flavor can vary, so it’s advisable to start with small amounts and adjust to your taste preference. Additionally, mustard seeds can be used whole or ground, depending on the recipe and the desired texture.

Substitute for Mustard Seeds

If you find yourself in a situation where you don’t have mustard seeds on hand or need a substitute due to personal preference or dietary restrictions, you can consider using alternatives that provide a similar flavor profile. Keep in mind that the exact flavor may vary, but these substitutes can add a tangy and slightly pungent element to your dishes. Here are some alternatives:

1. Mustard Powder:
   • Ground mustard powder is a convenient substitute for mustard seeds. It offers a similar flavor but without the texture of the whole seeds. You can use it in equal proportions in recipes that call for mustard seeds.
2. Mustard Paste or Dijon Mustard:
   • Dijon mustard or a prepared mustard paste can be used in certain recipes as a substitute. Keep in mind that prepared mustards may have additional ingredients like vinegar and salt, so adjust the quantities accordingly.
3. Horseradish:
   • Horseradish can provide a similar pungency to mustard seeds. It works well in certain dishes and can be used as a substitute in small amounts.
4. Wasabi:
   • Wasabi, the Japanese horseradish condiment, has a pungent and spicy flavor that can substitute for mustard in some recipes. Be cautious with the quantity, as it can be quite strong.
5. Cumin Seeds:
   • While cumin has a different flavor profile, its earthy and slightly nutty notes can complement some dishes that call for mustard seeds. Use cumin seeds in moderation.
6. Celery Seeds:
   • Celery seeds have a different flavor but can add a bit of bitterness and spice to your dishes. They work well as a substitute in some recipes, especially salads and pickles.
7. Fenugreek Seeds:
   • Fenugreek seeds have a slightly bitter taste and can be used in place of mustard seeds in certain recipes. Keep in mind that fenugreek has a unique flavor, so adjust the quantity to taste.

Always consider the specific flavor requirements of your recipe and use these substitutes accordingly. The best substitute depends on the dish you’re preparing and your personal preferences.

Where to Buy Mustard Seeds

You can purchase mustard seeds at various locations, including grocery stores, spice shops, online retailers, and specialty stores. Here are some common places where you can buy mustard seeds:

1. Local Grocery Stores:
   • Most well-stocked grocery stores carry mustard seeds in the spice aisle. You can find them either in small spice jars or in the bulk section.
2. Specialty Food Stores:
   • Specialty or gourmet food stores often have a broader selection of spices, including different varieties of mustard seeds. Check local specialty markets or stores that focus on international or ethnic ingredients.
3. Health Food Stores:
   • Health food stores or natural food markets may carry mustard seeds, especially if they have a bulk section for spices.
4. Online Retailers:
   • Numerous online platforms offer a wide variety of mustard seeds. You can find them on popular e-commerce websites, spice retailers, or online grocery stores. Examples include Amazon, Walmart, and specialty spice shops.
5. Ethnic Grocery Stores:
   • If you’re looking for specific varieties of mustard seeds, consider checking out ethnic grocery stores or markets that specialize in Indian, Asian, or Middle Eastern products. They often carry a diverse range of spices.
6. Farmers’ Markets:
   • Some farmers’ markets may have spice vendors or specialty food stalls that offer mustard seeds, especially if the market features a variety of international or gourmet products.
7. Bulk Food Stores:
   • Stores that sell bulk foods often have a spice section where you can buy a specific quantity of mustard seeds. This can be a cost-effective option if you only need a small amount.

When purchasing mustard seeds, consider the type (yellow, brown, or black) based on your recipe and flavor preferences. Always check the expiration date to ensure the freshness of the seeds. If you’re looking for organic or specialty varieties, read product labels or inquire with store staff to find the right product for your needs.

How To Store Mustard Seeds

Proper storage helps maintain the flavor and quality of mustard seeds over time. Here are some guidelines on how to store mustard seeds:

1. Cool, Dark Place:
   • Store mustard seeds in a cool, dark place, away from heat and direct sunlight. Exposure to light can degrade the quality of the seeds and reduce their flavor.
2. Airtight Container:
   • Transfer mustard seeds to an airtight container, such as a glass jar with a tight-fitting lid or a plastic container. Ensure that the container is clean and dry before storing the seeds.
3. Avoid Moisture:
   • Mustard seeds should be kept dry, so avoid storing them in areas where they might be exposed to moisture. Moisture can lead to mold growth and spoilage.
4. Refrigeration (Optional):
   • While mustard seeds generally don’t require refrigeration, storing them in the refrigerator can extend their shelf life. If you live in a humid environment or plan to keep the seeds for an extended period, refrigeration is a good option.
5. Labeling:
   • Label the container with the purchase date or expiration date if available. This helps you keep track of the freshness of the mustard seeds.
6. Keep Away from Strong Odors:
   • Mustard seeds can absorb odors from their surroundings. Store them away from strong-smelling spices and foods to prevent cross-contamination of flavors.
7. Whole vs. Ground Mustard Seeds:
   • If you have both whole and ground mustard seeds, store them separately. Whole seeds tend to retain their flavor longer than ground seeds, which can lose potency more quickly.
8. Check for Freshness:
   • Periodically check the mustard seeds for freshness. If they develop an off smell, flavor, or appearance, it’s time to replace them.

By following these storage tips, you can ensure that your mustard seeds remain flavorful and ready to enhance your dishes. Properly stored, mustard seeds can retain their quality for an extended period.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About Mustard Seeds